谈中文教学方法在儿童和成人语言教学中的不同侧重

Children and Adults

Differentiation in Teaching Chinese as a Second language — A Methodological Overview

王崎 Qi Wang

Teaching assistant

Seton Hall University

提要：语言教学要尊重学习者的个体差异和不同的 学习特点。在学习者的差异中，年龄差异是一个重要的因素。儿童与成人的语言学习具有不同的特点，教学上不能一视同仁。本文从教育心理学的角度对儿童及成人的语言学习特点进行比较，并在此基础上提出针对不同的学习者教学方法上的不同侧重。本文还根据作者在教学实践中 的发现和体会，对汉语教学方法上的某些 习见提出了质疑，并就此指出某种在儿童 语言教学中效果显著的教学法可能在成人语言教学中并不奏效，反之亦然。中文教师在选择某种教学方法前，应充分考虑此教学法对于教学对象的适用性，避免将儿童汉语教学成人化，或者将成人汉语教学“稚化”。

Abstract: Language teaching should take into account individual differences and varying learning styles. Among the individual differences, age difference is a critical factor. Children have different characteristics compared with adults in language learning. Therefore language teaching methods should be applied to different learners accordingly. This paper examines the significant difference of language learning styles between children and adults on the ground of pedagogical psychology. Based on its findings, this paper suggests effective teaching methods which are geared toward children and adults respectively. In reference to observations on the author’s personal teaching practice, this paper also calls into question some common beliefs regarding Chinese language teaching, and brings forward the author’s independent considerations and opinions suggesting some language teaching methods which work efficiently for children may not be favorable for adults, and vice versa. Consequently the teacher’s deciding on a suitable teaching method for learners of different age groups become crucial in language teaching.